Difficulty: High
Lab Overview
This lab demonstrates real-world subdomain takeover vulnerabilities in various industries including e-commerce, banking, government, healthcare, education, and social media.
Objective: Understand how real-world subdomain takeover attacks work and how to exploit them.
Real-World Subdomain Takeover Examples
Use these techniques to exploit real-world subdomain takeover vulnerabilities:
1. E-commerce Subdomain Takeover:
# E-commerce subdomain takeover
# 1. Find e-commerce subdomains
# - shop.example.com
# - store.example.com
# - checkout.example.com
# - payment.example.com
# 2. Check for vulnerable services
dig shop.example.com CNAME
dig store.example.com CNAME
# 3. Take over subdomain
# 4. Serve fake e-commerce site
# 5. Capture payment details
# Example fake e-commerce site:
# - Fake product catalog
# - Fake shopping cart
# - Fake checkout process
# - Capture credit card details
2. Banking Subdomain Takeover:
# Banking subdomain takeover
# 1. Find banking subdomains
# - online.example.com
# - secure.example.com
# - login.example.com
# - banking.example.com
# 2. Check for vulnerable services
dig online.example.com CNAME
dig secure.example.com CNAME
# 3. Take over subdomain
# 4. Serve fake banking site
# 5. Capture banking credentials
# Example fake banking site:
# - Fake login page
# - Fake account dashboard
# - Fake transaction history
# - Capture banking credentials
3. Government Subdomain Takeover:
# Government subdomain takeover
# 1. Find government subdomains
# - portal.example.gov
# - services.example.gov
# - login.example.gov
# - secure.example.gov
# 2. Check for vulnerable services
dig portal.example.gov CNAME
dig services.example.gov CNAME
# 3. Take over subdomain
# 4. Serve fake government site
# 5. Capture sensitive data
# Example fake government site:
# - Fake citizen portal
# - Fake service forms
# - Fake document downloads
# - Capture personal information
4. Healthcare Subdomain Takeover:
# Healthcare subdomain takeover
# 1. Find healthcare subdomains
# - patient.example.com
# - portal.example.com
# - secure.example.com
# - medical.example.com
# 2. Check for vulnerable services
dig patient.example.com CNAME
dig portal.example.com CNAME
# 3. Take over subdomain
# 4. Serve fake healthcare site
# 5. Capture medical data
# Example fake healthcare site:
# - Fake patient portal
# - Fake medical records
# - Fake appointment booking
# - Capture medical information
5. Education Subdomain Takeover:
# Education subdomain takeover
# 1. Find education subdomains
# - student.example.edu
# - portal.example.edu
# - login.example.edu
# - secure.example.edu
# 2. Check for vulnerable services
dig student.example.edu CNAME
dig portal.example.edu CNAME
# 3. Take over subdomain
# 4. Serve fake education site
# 5. Capture student data
# Example fake education site:
# - Fake student portal
# - Fake course materials
# - Fake grade reports
# - Capture student information
6. Social Media Subdomain Takeover:
# Social media subdomain takeover
# 1. Find social media subdomains
# - api.example.com
# - secure.example.com
# - login.example.com
# - mobile.example.com
# 2. Check for vulnerable services
dig api.example.com CNAME
dig secure.example.com CNAME
# 3. Take over subdomain
# 4. Serve fake social media site
# 5. Capture social media credentials
# Example fake social media site:
# - Fake login page
# - Fake profile page
# - Fake news feed
# - Capture social media credentials
7. Real-World Impact Assessment:
# Assess real-world impact
# - Brand reputation damage
# - Customer trust loss
# - Financial losses
# - Legal implications
# - Regulatory compliance issues
# Document findings:
# - Vulnerable subdomains
# - Affected services
# - Potential impact
# - Remediation steps
8. Industry-Specific Mitigation:
# Industry-specific mitigation
# E-commerce:
# - Payment security
# - Customer data protection
# - PCI compliance
# Banking:
# - Financial security
# - Customer data protection
# - Regulatory compliance
# Government:
# - Citizen data protection
# - National security
# - Regulatory compliance
9. Compliance and Legal Issues:
# Compliance and legal issues
# - GDPR compliance
# - CCPA compliance
# - HIPAA compliance
# - PCI DSS compliance
# - SOX compliance
# Legal implications:
# - Data breach notifications
# - Regulatory fines
# - Lawsuits
# - Reputation damage
10. Incident Response:
# Incident response
# 1. Detect takeover
# 2. Assess impact
# 3. Contain threat
# 4. Eradicate threat
# 5. Recover systems
# 6. Learn from incident
# Response steps:
# - Immediate containment
# - Forensic analysis
# - Customer notification
# - Regulatory reporting
# - System recovery
11. Prevention Strategies:
# Prevention strategies
# - Regular subdomain monitoring
# - DNS security controls
# - Service configuration audits
# - Security awareness training
# - Incident response planning
# Monitoring tools:
# - DNS monitoring
# - Subdomain scanning
# - Vulnerability scanning
# - Threat intelligence
12. Recovery Procedures:
# Recovery procedures
# 1. Identify compromised subdomains
# 2. Remove malicious content
# 3. Secure subdomains
# 4. Monitor for re-compromise
# 5. Update security controls
# Recovery steps:
# - DNS record cleanup
# - Service reconfiguration
# - Security hardening
# - Monitoring enhancement
13. Long-term Security:
# Long-term security
# - Continuous monitoring
# - Regular security audits
# - Security awareness training
# - Incident response planning
# - Threat intelligence
# Security controls:
# - DNS security
# - Subdomain monitoring
# - Service configuration
# - Access controls
14. Business Continuity:
# Business continuity
# - Service availability
# - Customer communication
# - Regulatory compliance
# - Reputation management
# - Financial impact
# Continuity planning:
# - Backup systems
# - Communication plans
# - Recovery procedures
# - Stakeholder management
15. Lessons Learned:
# Lessons learned
# - Security gaps identified
# - Process improvements
# - Technology enhancements
# - Training needs
# - Policy updates
# Improvement areas:
# - DNS security
# - Subdomain management
# - Monitoring capabilities
# - Incident response
# - Security awareness